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TRANSINDONESIA.co | Hipertensi atau tekanan darah tinggi merupakan penyebab kematian nomor satu di dunia, dengan 90-95% kasus didominasi oleh hipertensi esensial. Di Indonesia, menurut Survei Kesehatan Indonesia (SKI) 2023 dan studi kohor penyakit tidak menular (PTM) 2011-2021, hipertensi merupakan faktor risiko tertinggi penyebab kematian keempat dengan persentase 10,2%.
Data SKI 2023 menunjukkan bahwa 59,1% penyebab disabilitas (melihat, mendengar, berjalan) pada penduduk berusia 15 tahun ke atas adalah penyakit yang didapat, di mana 53,5% penyakit tersebut adalah PTM, terutama hipertensi (22,2%).
Direktur Pencegahan dan Pengendalian Penyakit Tidak Menular (P2PTM) Dr. Eva Susanti, dalam temu media yang dilaksanakan di Hotel Mercure Jakarta Selatan, menyampaikan bahwa perilaku masyarakat yang dapat meningkatkan faktor risiko hipertensi adalah merokok, aktivitas fisik kurang, kurangnya makan sayur dan buah, serta mengonsumsi makanan asin.
“Proporsi penderita hipertensi umur 18-59 tahun yang melakukan aktivitas fisik kurang 1,9 kali lebih tinggi dibandingkan penderita hipertensi yang melakukan aktivitas fisik cukup,” Kata Direktur P2PTM Dr. Eva Susanti dikutip dalam keterangannya, Rabu (29/5/2024).
Direktur Eva melanjutkan, proporsi penderita hipertensi umur 18-59 tahun dengan obesitas sentral atau yakni kondisi kelebihan lemak pada perut 3,4 kali lebih tinggi dibandingkan penderita hipertensi yang tidak obesitas sentral. Sementara itu, proporsi penderita hipertensi umur di atas 60 tahun dengan obesitas sentral sama dengan penderita hipertensi yang tidak obesitas sentral.
Dr. Eva menyampaikan, hipertensi dapat diturunkan dengan perilaku hidup sehat dengan ‘PATUH’, yakni Periksa kesehatan secara rutin dan ikut anjuran dokter, Atasi penyakit dengan pengobatan yang tepat dan teratur, Tetap diet dengan gizi seimbang, Upayakan aktivitas fisik dengan aman, Hindari asap rokok, alkohol, dan zat karsinogenik lainnya.
Presiden Indonesian Society of hypertension (InaSH, 2019-2021) Dr. Tunggul D. Situmorang, yang juga merupakan narasumber pada temu dia tersebut, menyampaikan bahwa ada beberapa faktor penyebab hipertensi, di antaranya stress, usia, keturunan, garam, dan obesitas.
Dr. Tunggul juga mengatakan, hipertensi atau darah tinggi dapat menyebabkan komplikasi penyakit stroke, kebutaan penyakit gagal jantung dan juga gagal ginjal. Namun, darah tinggi atau hipertensi dapat diturunkan dengan berolahraga secara teratur, mengatur pola makan yang sehat, mengurangi konsumsi garam, konsumsi obat, dan menghindari stres.
“Ada begitu banyak pilihan-pilihan obat, begitu banyaknya obat-obatan, sehingga harus sudah tahu persis bagaimana mekanisme kerjanya, dipakai untuk siapa, dan harus digunakan dengan cara yang baik dan benar,” kata Dr. Tunggul.
Dr. Tunggul menyampaikan, untuk menurunkan hipertensi dan mencegah penyakit tidak menular lainnya, terapkan perilaku ‘CERDIK’, yakni Cek kesehatan secara rutin, Enyahkan asap rokok, Rajin aktivitas fisik, Diet Seimbang, Istirahat cukup, Kelola stress.
Peran Kementerian Kesehatan (Kemenkes) dalam pengendalian hipertensi adalah berupaya meningkatkan kesadaran masyarakat tentang faktor risiko hipertensi. Selain itu, Kemenkes juga menyosialisasikan pentingnya gaya hidup sehat, deteksi dini, penyediaan layanan kesehatan yang berkualitas bagi masyarakat, termasuk layanan diagnosis dan tata laksana/protokol serta pengobatan penyakit hipertensi agar hipertensi terkendali.
Kemenkes juga berfokus pada pengembangan SDM, melakukan integrasi terhadap semua sistem/aplikasi dalam SATU SEHAT, pemberdayaan masyarakat, serta dukungan terhadap riset-riset inovatif. [chy]
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